The main virtue of buying options - forex trading strategies that work understanding the fundamentals

The main virtue of buying options ~ forex trading strategies that work understanding the fundamentals

I realized that I have omitted the most obvious virtue of trading options instead of stocks in my last post: the much more attractive reward-risk ratio for options.

Suppose your stock strategy generated a buy signal. You can either buy the stock now, or you can buy an ATM call. If you buy the stock, you are of course benefiting from 100% of the upside potential of the stock price movement, but you are similarly exposed to 100% of the downside risk. Indeed you can lose the entire market value of the stock. If you buy the call, you will benefit from > 50% of the upside potential of the stock price, assuming that your holding period is so short that the time value will not dissipate much. As the stock price rises, so does your delta. (It increases from 0.5 to 1.) But what about the downside risk? All you can lose is the option premium, usually << 50% of the market value of the stock.

In other words, while one may be tempted to hedge a large stock position with stock index futures, there is no need to hedge an equivalent call option position. This should simplify your strategy implementation and reduce risk management costs (i.e. the probable loss on your short futures position).

Given that I am a short-term trader anyway, I cant figure out why I have been trading stocks instead of options all these years! (Aside from the caveats detailed in the previous post.)
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Implementing stock strategies using options - forex trading strategies tutorial

Implementing stock strategies using options ~ forex trading strategies tutorial

There are many stock trading strategies that are quite attractive in terms of Sharpe ratios, but not very attractive in terms of returns. (Pairs trading comes to mind. But in general, any market neutral strategy suffers from this problem.)  Certainly, one cannot feed a family with annualized returns in the single or low double digits, unless one already has millions of dollars of capital. One way to solve this dilemma is of course to join a proprietary trading group, where we would have access to perhaps x30 leverage. Another way is to implement a stock trading strategy using options instead, though there are a sizable number of issues to consider. (I recently brushed up on my options know-how by reading the popular "Options as a Strategic Investment".)

1. Using options will allow you to increase your leverage beyond the Reg T x2 leverage (or even the day trading x4 leverage) only if you buy options only, but not selling them. For example, to implement a pairs trading strategy on 2 different stocks, you would have to buy call options on the long side, and buy put options on the short side (but not sell call options). Otherwise the margin requirement for selling calls is as onerous as shorting the underlying stock itself.
2. The effective leverage is computed by multiplying the delta of the option by the underlying stock price divided by the option premium. If you buy an out-of-money (OTM) option, the delta will be small (smaller than 0.5), but the option premium is small also. Vice versa for an in-the-money (ITM) option. So you would have to find the optimal strike price so that the effective leverage is maximized. I personally choose to buy an at-the-money (ATM) call or slightly ITM call without actually computing the optimized strike, but perhaps you have reached a different conclusion?
3. Naturally, the shorter the time-to-expiration, the cheaper the option and higher the effective leverage. Additionally, for ITM options, their deltas increase as we get closer to expiration, which also contributes to higher effective leverage. However, the time-to-expiration must of course be longer than the expected holding period of your position, otherwise you would incur the transaction cost of rolling over to the further-month options.
4. The discussion of finding the right strike price based on its delta is moot if your brokerages API does not provide you with delta for your automated trading system. In theory, Interactive Brokerss API provide deltas for whole options chains, and quant2ibs MATLAB API will pass these on to your MATLAB exeuction program too. However, I have not been successful in retrieving deltas using quant2ibs API. If you have encountered a similar problem, and perhaps have found the reason/cure for this, please let me know. For now, I am reduced to assuming that all my near ATM calls for different stocks have the same delta, and I increase this common value from 0.5 to close to 1 as time passes.
5. Options dont have MOO, LOO, MOC or LOC order types. If one uses market orders to buy at the open or close, one would incur significant transaction costs due to the much wider bid-ask spread compared to stocks. I try to use limit orders on options orders as much as possible.

If you have used options to implement stock trading strategies, and have experiences with these or other issues, please do share them here.

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Reminder: my next pairs trading workshop will take place in New York on October 26-27th.
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Selecting A Trading Seminar For Stocks Options Or Forex - new generation forex trading system

Selecting A Trading Seminar For Stocks Options Or Forex ~ new generation forex trading system

Anyone who has watched any late night TV recently cannot have failed to have noticed the many comercials trying to sell you on a series of trading seminars which promise will change your life and make you rich.

Before embarking on a course of trading seminars there are a few very important points that you need to be aware of before making your choice of educational company. In this article we will try and point out some of the things to be aware of.

It was the market melt down during 2000-2003 which has fuelled the huge growth in the trading seminar business. Many people now realize that making money trading is not so easy and requires a good education if you are going to survive all market conditions. This is a better option that just trusting what a fund manager may advise you who may be more concerned about his commission than your retirement.

Bettertrades, Optionetics, Investools and Star Trader are the companies that I see most often on late night TV running their 30 minute commercials. They usuall visit a number of large cities across the country and Ive been able to attend all of their free warm up seminars at some point. Ive also bought seminars and other products from these companies.

The usual sales cycle is as follows, the infomercial is designed to get you to attend what I call the FREE warm up selling seminar. This seminar is usually in a local hotel and can last anything from 30 minutes to 3 hours. From my experience the free Investools seminar lasted about 3 hours and was actually very informative and educational. The others were much shorter and really nothing more than sales pitchs to get you to sign up for a starter seminar which could cost anything from $199 to $4K!.

From my experiance you will 1st be given an inflated price for the seminar which will then be cut dramatically if you sign up on the spot, so be prepared to be tempted by this. Most of these seminars come with a set of DVDs and a manual which enable you to study the material before attending the live seminar.

The following points should be born in mind before signing up for a seminar:

1. Make sure that there is a good refund policy that comes with the package. You should get at least 2 weeks to evaluate the training material that you are given. In addition check what the policy is regards to attending the seminar and then asking for a refund. Sometimes you can only stay until noon on the 1st day, or only the 1st day, before you must ask for a refund if not satisfied. If you wait too long you may lose your right to a refund.

2. Ask what the policy is regarding bringing another family member or business partner to the seminar. Usually you are allowed to bring 1 person, take this opportunity as it is better to have the opinion of another trusted person when trying to evalute if the seminar is good value and right for you.

3. Ask if the price that you are paying for the seminar is the lowest price that is being offered, just like airlines tickets you dont want to sit next to someone at the seminar and find out they paid $500 less than you for exactly the same seminar!

4. Be very sure that the seminar you have signed up for is going to cover what you want to learn. Sometimes the agender is vague and the speaker goes off on their own favourite topics. If you want specific training on stocks, options or Forex make sure that they will be covered in detail in the seminar.

Remember that learning how to trade is not as easy as many people try and make out. These seminar companies are not going to be able, and dont really want to, teach you everything you need to know in a couple of days. They all have an extensive range of follow on seminars and will start to sell these to you during your beginner seminar, so be aware!.

Some of these companies do a really hard sell for their follow up seminars, they are professionals and have practiced their sales pitch many times until it works, so be prepared for this and act accordingly.

If you buy any follow on seminars they are very unlikley to come with an extended refund period other than the minimum 3 days cooling off period set by some states. This is an important point to consider if you are buying a number of seminars that will run over a number of years.

By James J. Dehoiver
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